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--(a) _Perse_, the obligation is grave, since the penance belongs to theintegrity of the Sacrament, and hence its refusal or neglect is aninjury to a sacred thing. And rumor should never berepresented as an established fact. Hence, it will suffice to speak of the frauds thatare committed in sales, and the same principles that govern these canbe applied to other kinds of contract. (e) Liberality bestows gladly, but according to right reason, for thereis no merit in unwilling gifts,

than good, such as circumstances in the lives ofpersons recently deceased which, if revealed, will be detrimental toliving persons. (b) By reason of difference in the evils that are desired, the speciesis also changed, since the essential malices of the will and of thedeed are the same (see 90, 242). , violation of professional secret), or a greattemporal harm of a private kind (e. ), and must also resist violence when there ishope of success, or when this is necessary to avoid giving scandal oryielding consent (see on self-defense, 1841).